Sun, cells and skin cancer

In South Africa, sun-filled days and plenty of outdoor activities are part of our lifestyle. But, with it comes the added risk of skin cancer. When our skin is exposed to too much ultraviolet (UV) radiation, it can damage our skin cells.1 UV damage to our skin cells causes an increase in the likelihood of developing skin cancer.1 Melanoma - a type of skin cancer - should not be taken lightly as it is an aggressive cancer when not detected early enough.2

Melanoma can affect everyone, regardless of skin colour.

Although melanoma is more commonly seen in people with fair skin, there is a common belief that those with darker skin tones are not at risk.2 A recent study found that around 17% of melanomas occur in black South Africans.2 This means that it's important for everyone, regardless of skin colour, to take steps to protect their skin from the sun, be aware of any changes and talk to your doctor about any concerns.

Rising rates of skin cancer

Melanoma’s position as the 17th most common cancer globally should not be underestimated!3 It is the 13th most common cancer in men while among women, it ranks as the 15th most common cancer.3 In 2020 alone, the number of new cases of melanoma of the skin surpassed a staggering 150 000.3 To put that into context, out of every 100 000 South Africans, nearly three people are expected to develop melanoma within a year.2 Given these alarming melanoma statistics, it's more crucial than ever to prioritise our skin health and take preventative measures against this potentially deadly disease.

Paying attention to your skin can save your life 

Melanoma can be a serious form of cancer if it's found late.2 That's why it's so important for you to closely watch for any changes in your skin. Melanoma in men is mostly found on the trunk, while in women, legs are most prone to melanoma.2,4 Remember to thoroughly check all areas of your body, like your scalp, palms of your hands and the soles of your feet.2

The ABCDE rule outlines the characteristics of moles that may be melanoma and will help you to monitor skin changes.4

Asymmetrical - one side does not match the other

Border - the edges are irregular

Colour - the mole or spot doesn’t have the same colour throughout (it may have different colours or different shades of the same colour)

Diameter - larger than 6 millimeters

Evolving - the spot is changing in size, shape or colour 

Understanding risk factors 

While anyone can develop melanoma, there are certain factors that may increase your risk. Having exposure to UV light, having a previous severe sunburn, having many moles, having a family history of melanoma or having a weakened immune system, are just a few of the factors that may put you at a higher risk4.

By debunking some melanoma myths, we aim to promote awareness and prevention, ensuring that you have the correct information to protect yourself and your loved ones.

Immunotherapy – a promising treatment option for melanoma

Immunotherapy drugs are a promising option for various types of cancer, including melanoma. It works by attaching itself to a protein called PD-1 found on certain cells. This action helps to stop cancer cells from being able to hide from your body's natural defenses.5 Melanoma cancer patients that took an immunotherapy drug known as pembrolizumab, had a 60.6% chance of living for 5 years without their cancer spreading to other parts of the body. On the other hand, in the group that received a placebo (a treatment with no active effect), only 44.5% were able to live for 5 years without their cancer spreading.6 

With the increasing promise of immunotherapy, there is hope for those affected by melanoma. By educating ourselves about the signs and symptoms of this cancer, seeking regular check-ups, and discussing the potential benefits of immunotherapy with our healthcare providers, we can increase our chances of successful prevention and treatment. 

Ways to lower risk 

So, while it's important to enjoy the outdoors and all that sunny South Africa has to offer, it's equally important to be mindful of the risks and to protect our skin. Whether you're hitting the beach, going for a walk, or just lounging around outside, consider wearing sun-protective clothing and hats, regularly applying sunscreen, and avoiding the sun during peak hours as much as possible. Remember: early diagnosis is key in the treatment of melanoma, schedule your skin check-up soon. 

If you would like to empower yourself or educate your loved ones on the warning signs and risks of melanoma; be sure to check out https://www.msd.co.za/melanoma/