Anal Cancer

Anal cancer is a rare cancer that affects the anus, which is the opening at the end of the digestive tract. Anal cancer is more common in men than in women, and it is more common in older people.

Anal cancer can also be caused by infection with some types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Some HPV infections cause warts on or around your genitals or anus, but other types do not cause any symptoms and may go away without treatment. However, if you have an HPV infection and you don’t get it treated, you are at a higher risk of developing anal cancer over time. In most cases, anal warts are removed by your doctor using methods such as freezing them off or removing them with tweezers under local anesthesia—a procedure called cryotherapy—or a chemical solution called podophyllin (podofilox).

Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is the most common in men and women, with over 60% of bladder cancers occurring in people 60 years old or older. In general, there are two main types of bladder cancer: non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer refers to tumors that have not spread beyond the wall of the urinary tract (your ureters). This type accounts for about 70% of all cases and can be either superficial (meaning it affects only the surface) or multi-focal (it is found in multiple locations).

Muscle-invasive bladder cancers occur when tumors have spread past this layer surrounding your ureter but have not yet reached nearby blood vessels or lymph nodes. The presence of these also means that there may be more advanced diseases present.

Brain Cancer

Brain cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the brain. Brain tumors are usually classified by their location, by whether or not they have spread to other parts of the body, and by what type they are. The most common types of brain cancer include:

Glioma (astrocytoma)—A type of tumor that grows from star-shaped cells within the brain called glia. Astrocytomas can be either low grade (benign) or high grade (malignant). They tend to grow slowly, but some may develop quickly and become life-threatening because they press against normal tissue and affect vital functions like breathing or movement.Medulloblastoma is a rapidly growing tumor that most commonly affects children under the age of ten; however, it can occur at any age in adults who were exposed to radiation as children while receiving treatment for another type of cancer.Breast CancerBreast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Mammograms can detect breast cancer early, possibly before it has spread.Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women worldwide. It is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV causes infections in many parts of the body, including the cervix and vagina. In most cases, it causes no symptoms and goes away on its own without treatment. But when it doesn’t go away, it can cause genital warts or cancers such as cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer can be prevented through vaccination against HPV for girls aged 12 to 13 years old in South Africa, which gives them protection for at least 4 months from catching the virus from sexual contact with an infected person when they are older.

Childhood Cancers

There are four main types of childhood cancers:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)Brain tumors, including medulloblastoma, brainstem glioma, and ependymomaRetinoblastomaWilms tumorColon and Rectal Cancer

Colon and rectal cancer is a cancer that develops in the colon or rectum. There are different types of colon and rectal cancer, which can differ in their symptoms, prognosis, and treatment. The most common symptom of colon and rectal cancer is bleeding from the rectum (blood in your stools). You may also notice changes in the way you go to the bathroom, like diarrhea, constipation, or feeling full after eating.

Colon and rectal cancer is a serious condition that requires urgent treatment from a specialist doctors such as Dr Prinitha in  Johannesburg South Africa .

Endometrial Cancer

Uterine cancers can be of two types: endometrial cancer (common) and uterine sarcoma (rare). Endometrial cancer can often be cured. Uterine sarcoma is often more aggressive and harder to treat.

Endometrial cancer, sometimes called uterine cancer or womb cancer,  is a type of cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). The endometrium lines and nourishes your uterus. If you have endometrial cancer, abnormal cells grow and multiply in your uterus instead of staying inside it where they belong. This can lead to abnormal bleeding or other symptoms like pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, and fatigue.[3]

Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancer is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the head and neck. Cancers of the mouth, nose, sinuses, throat, voice box (larynx), and salivary glands are all types of head and neck cancers. Tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) increase the risk of head and neck cancers.

Kaposi Cancer (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)

Kaposi sarcoma cancer is a cancer that affects the blood vessels. It’s most common in people with HIV/AIDS, and other risk factors include smoking, chronic lymphedema, and some types of cancer. The symptoms include skin lesions and purple spots.

Kidney Cancer

Kidney cancer is a cancer of the kidneys. It can be one kidney, or both. Symptoms include blood in the urine, pain in the back and sides, loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue.

A doctor will do an ultrasound scan and a CT scan to determine if there are any abnormalities in your kidneys that require further tests or treatment. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

The survival rate is high if caught early but decreases significantly if it has spread to other parts of the body, such as other organs like the liver or lungs. If you are diagnosed with kidney cancer, we strongly recommend that you seek medical advice from doctors who specialize in renal care.

LeukemiaWhat is leukemia?

Leukemia, or blood cancer, is a type of cancer that occurs when your body makes too many abnormal white blood cells. Your normal white blood cells help fight off infections. But when there are too many abnormal white blood cells, your bone marrow can’t make enough healthy red blood cells and platelets to keep you healthy.

How does it affect the body?

The extra white blood cells crowd out the healthy ones and interfere with their ability to fight infection. This can lead to infections, anemia (low red blood cell counts), easy bleeding, and fatigue. The symptoms depend on how advanced the cancer is in your body when it’s diagnosed; they may include fever, night sweats, or infections that don’t go away easily.* Who is at risk? *

Adults 50 years old or older; children ages 2-5 years old; African Americans who’ve had radiation therapy before the age of 30; those whose immune systems aren’t working properly (for example, those with HIV/AIDS); people who live near sources of radiation such as nuclear power plants;

Liver Cancer

Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world, and it is the third leading cause of cancer death. It occurs in both men and women, but men are at higher risk. Liver cancer can occur with chronic liver disease or without it.

Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer death in the United States and worldwide. Lung cancer causes more deaths than breast, colon, and prostate cancers combined. It’s also the leading cause of cancer-related death in both men and women. Most lung cancers are caused by smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke, but other factors can play a role as well.

Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that develops from cells in the immune system. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and nodes that produce, store, and carry white blood cells (which fight infection) throughout your body. It includes your lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, bone marrow, and other areas. There are many types of lymphoma: Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are the most common subtypes in adults; Burkitt’s lymphoma occurs mostly in children under 15 years old; Sézary syndrome affects people over 50 years old who have been treated with radiation therapy or chemotherapy for another type of cancer; diffused large B-cell lymphomas appear in different sites throughout the body but usually involve multiple organs at once or take more than one year to develop after treatment; mantle cell lymphomas affect people over 60 years old who have not received prior immunosuppressive therapy (a type of drug therapy used to block certain immune responses so they don’t cause harmful side effects); and follicular center cell cancers occur mostly among older women with estrogen receptor positive tumors.

Male Breast Cancer

Men are more likely to get breast cancer than women. In fact, about 1 in 1,000 men will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some point during their lives. This means that male breast cancer accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers and is relatively rare when compared to other types of cancer.

There are no known risk factors for male breast cancer, and it doesn’t look like habits like smoking or drinking alcohol have anything to do with getting this disease.

It’s important that you visit your doctor if you notice any changes in your breasts or have a sudden pain in them (even if it goes away).

Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a very serious and difficult-to-treat form of cancer.

The symptoms vary depending on where the tumor starts growing in your pancreas. For example: if it grows on an endocrine gland like your insulin producing cells or on your exocrine gland producing digestive juices (exocrine carcinoma), then you may have problems digesting food properly, leading to weight loss/loss of appetite (anorexia).

Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Prostate cancer is more common in older men, and it may cause symptoms only when it has spread beyond the prostate.

The prostate gland is a small, walnut-sized gland located below your bladder and above your rectum. It produces fluid that mixes with sperm produced by your testicles to form semen.

Skin Cancer (Including Melanoma)

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the world. It accounts for over a million new cases each year and causes more than a quarter of all cancers diagnosed worldwide.

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in the melanocytes, the cells that make pigment (melanin) to give skin its color. Melanin protects your skin from damage caused by UV radiation from the sun and other sources like tanning beds or lamps.

There are over 2 million reported cases of melanoma worldwide each year, with about 70% occurring in people under 60 years old.

Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck, just below the Adam’s apple.

Thyroid cancer can either be a non-cancerous (benign) tumor or a malignant (cancerous) tumor that has spread beyond its original location to other parts of the body. If you have any questions about your thyroid condition, please contact Treating Cancer today at +27 66 272 6582.

Vulvar Cancer

Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops in the vulva, the outer part of the female genitalia. In most cases, it mostly affects women over 50 years of age.

Learn more about Treating Cancer, visit https://treatingcancer.co.za/

This article was first published at https://topclickblogs.co.za/a-to-z-list-of-common-cancer-types-with-a-radiation-oncologist-in-johannesburg/